Apparatus for making emulsified compounds and colloidal compounds



April .26, 1938. R. H. RUSSELL 2,115,123

APPARATUS FOR MAKING EMULSIFIED COMPOUNDS AND COLLOIDAL COMPOUNDS 2 a e a m e e w y 2 "-l- I m zzv/id Filed July 20, 195'? Patented Apr. .26, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR MAKING 'EMULSIFIED COMPOUNDS AND COLLOIDAL COM- POUNDS Rebel-tn. Russell, Cleveland, hio; assignor to Gas Fuel Corporation, a corporation of Dela-.

ware

This invention relates to improvements in mixing mills and more particularly to an improved mechanical agitator and compressor of the type disclosed in my application Serial No. 630,151 filed August 25, 1932, patented Jan. 4, 1938, No.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a mill adapted for use in various industries for the production of colloids and colloidal mixtures, such as paint, lacquers, emulsions, as well as the manufacture of prepared fuel oil compounds. The improved mill may also be employed for homogenizing, emulsifying, dispersing, blending, pulverizing, and disintegrating various substances to the end that they become stabilized emulsions and colloidal compounds.

The new mill eliminates one moving shaft, that is, the free running shaftshown in the drawings of my above-mentioned application. This is ac- .complished by attaching the pulverizing arms 20 that were on the idling shaft, as integral elements of the lining cylinder and having them positioned intermediate the arms mounted on the spinning shaft. These projecting arms are distributed around the inner wall in a staggered arrangement to give a dividing and dispersing action to the materials being treated while the latter are being forced through the mill.

A further object of the present invention is furnish a mill of the general type disclosed in my prior above-mentioned application, but provided with a hollow cylinder having inwardly extending bladesand driven in opposite direction to the blades on the spinning shaft.

the novel features hereinafter described in detail, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and

more particularly pointed out in the appended 40 claims.

In the drawings: 1

Fig. 1 is a. longitudinal vertical sectional view of for driving the mill and this means is preferably an electric motor. Its shaft 6 is splined at 'I to 55 a stub shaft 8 that is rotatably mounted in one With the foregoing objects outlined and with other objects in view, the invention consists in ,l'nixture.

duced and the type or kind of gas or vapor i'n-i end portion 9 of themill, and. is sealed by suitable gaskets lfl held in place by a packing gland II. The stub shaft is preferably journaled in an anti-friction bearing I2, and it is rigidly secured by a ring I3 to one end of an inner hollow shaft or cylinder H; the latter being provided with external or peripheral blades l5.

The opposite end of the hollow shaft isflxed to a collar "5 rotatablein an anti-friction bearing I! mounted in the opposite end portion I8 of the casing. g

An outer sleeve I9 is fixedly mounted in the casing and is provided with inwardly extending and 25 (see Fig.3) respectively, from pipes 26, 21,

and '28.

The materials after passing through the heater or passageway 2|, travel inwardly along one end of the bearing I! as indicated at 29, and the mixture then entersthe collar l6 and passes into the bore of the hollow shaft H.

A stationary tube extendsfrom the end ll of the casing intoaclose proximity to the inner end of the shaft 8' and his provided at its inner end with apertures 3| to receivethemixture from the bore of the hollow shaft. V

The hollow shaft functions to rotate crushing or grinding rollers 32 which when the outer surface of the tube 30 and function to. compress the mixture as it travels from the beater to the entrance 3| of the stationary tube. Any disintegrating action that is not completed in the beating or cutting portion of the machine is completed in the roller section. I While the mixture is undergoing agitationit can be maintained in heated condition by means of a suitableheating medium which entersj'an annular jacket 33 through a nipe'3l and is discharged through a pipe 35. 0 course, this annu lar jacket surrounds the stationary cylindrical medial portion 36 of the casing, The finished mixture is finally discharged through a pipe 31.

In some cases, it is desirable to incorporate a suitable gas or liquid in a vapor phaselin the The amount of gas or vapor introtroduced will depend on the characteristics desired in the finished mixture and the purpose for which it is to be used. In making wateroil compounds, such gas may be atmospheric air, CO2, hydrocarbon gases of the kind utilized and/or produced in the petroleum industry, hydrogen, hydrocyanic acid gas, hydrofluoric acid gas andthe like, or mixtures of any such gases. The gaseous agent may be introduced into the .inlet end of the chamber 2| but is preferably introduced into the oil-water mixture at some intermediate point in the mill. It may be introduced under pressure, for example through a pipe 200 leading into the end portion [8 of the mill, so that it will be commingled with the wateroil mixture after the latter has passed through the agitating chamber 2i and before it enters the rolling or squeezing portion of the apparatus. The use of gases and vapors is of'value =in'the. treatment of metal, where it is desired to subject the heated metal to the action of various gases or vapor in predetermined quantities.

The number of pipes (20, 21', 20, 28a) used for introducing substances into the mill will depend upon the number to betreated, and of course, these pipes will be properly spaced to insure introduction of the materials at the correct points,

and in operation some of these substances will be forced under pressure into theinlet end of the annular beating chamber 2i and as they pass along this chamber, theywill be violentlybeaten or cut by the blades which will act to thorough- :ly agitate the substances and incorporate them into a homogeneous mixture or to disperse them depending on theparticular use. to which the mill is put. After passing through thebeating portion of the mill, the mixture may be admixed or not with a suitable gas, such as air or other gases, and then enters the roller chamber and is tightly squeezed or compressed by the rollers 32 7 before it is discharged through the stationary tube 30. By means of theiacket 33 the mixture during treatment may be heated and may leave the rollers at any suitable temperature.

In treating hydrocarbon oils and water, either with or without the addition of atmospheric air or other gases, ,to'make liquid-oil compounds,

my experiments have shown that theemulsion made by the machine may vary from about 70% oil and water to about 24% oil and 76% water, with varying amounts of air or other gases. Mixtures containing 10% or more of water and less than 90% of hydrocarbon liquid apparently make better fuels,

If the machine is employedifor making fuels, the mixture or emulsion of oil and water (with or without the addition of asuitable gas) heated to about 150 F. to 175 .F., which is discharged through the pipe II, may be atomized at high superatmospheric pressure, say from about 300 to 2000 pounds per square inch, into a retort of the kind disclosed in my above-mentioned prior application, where it is burned to create extremelyghigh temperatures. Instead of using a stationary outer cylinder l 9,'as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, said outer cylinderiisa maybe rotated, as illustrated in Fig.5, m1; direction opposite to that of the inher cylinder or hollow shaft Ha. In this em-' bodiment, the inner cylinder is provided with external gear teeth 40 which function'to drive toothed pinions ll mounted on stub shafts .42 and engaging intemal teeth 43 in'the outer cylinder l9a. Obviously the rotation of the inner cylinder will cause the pinions to rotate the outer cylinder in a direction opposite to that of the inner cylinder, and in this embodiment the blades on one cylinder will be moved in aclock-- wise direction, while the blades on the other will be moved in the opposite direction.

It is the intention and purpose that these mills be used for the incorporation cif pigments tobe preferred embodiments of the mill and enumerated various uses of the same, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the details disclosed and the machine may be employed for various purposes without departing from the spirit of the invention as expressed in the claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters into one end'of said passageway, means for rotating one of said cylinders and its blades, a second annular passageway, means for leading 4 materials from the opposite end of the first-pas sageway to the inlet of the second passageway, circular series of rollers arranged'in the second passageway, a hollow tube extending into the second passageway and having portscommunicating with the outlet end of the second passageway, said rollers being adapted to roll on said tube, and means forcausing said rollers to rotate in synchronism with the rotatable one of the cylinders. v

2. In an apparatus of the character described an inner hollow cylinder provided with external blades, an outer hollow cylinder surrounding the first cylinder and provided with internal blades arranged in staggered relation in reference to means for introducing ,materials tobetreated the first mentioned blades, said cylinders being spaced apart to form an annular passageway, means for introducing materials tobe treated into one end of said passageway, means forflrptating one of said cylinders and its blades, a

second annular passageway, means for leading.

way, said rollers being adapted to, roll on said.

tube, means for causing said rollers to rot a'te in synchronism with the rotatable one'of the cylinders, and means for rotating the other one of said cylinders in a direction opposite to that of the first mentioned rotatable one.

3. In an apparatus of the character described an inner hollow cylinder provided with external blades, an outer hollow cylinder surrounding the first cylinder and provided with internal blades arranged in staggered relation in reference to the first mentioned blades, said cylinders being spaced apart to form an annular passageway, means for introducing materials to be treated into one end of said passageway, means for rotating one of said cylinders and its blades, a second annular passageway, means for leadin materials from the opposite end of the first passageway to the inlet of the second passageway, circular series of rollers arranged in the second passageway, a hollow tube extending into the second passageway and having ports communicating with the outlet end of the second passageway, said rollers being adapted to roll on said tube, and means for causing said rollers to rotate in synchronism with the rotatable one of the cylinders, said second pamageway being surrounded by the first passageway.

4. In an apparatus of the character described an inner hollow cylinder provided with external blades, an outer hollow cylinder surrounding the first cylinder and provided with internal blades arranged in staggered relation in reference to the first mentioned blades, said cylinders being spaced apart to form an annular passageway, means for introducing materials to be treated into one end of said passageway, means for rotating one of said cylinders and its blades; a second annular passageway, means for leading materials from the opposite end of the first passageway to the inlet of the second passageway, circular series of rollers arranged in the second passageway, a hollow tube extending into the second passageway and having ports communicating with the outlet end of the second passageway,said rollers being adapted to roll on said tube, and means for causing said rollers to rotate in synchronism with the rotatable one of the cylinders, said rollers being arranged within the inner cylinder.

5. In a mill of the character described a casing provided with an internal hollow tube, a rotatable hollow shaft surrounding said tube and having an inner cylinder portion spaced from the tube to provide an inner passageway, rollersarranged in said passageway and contacting with the inner cylinder and tube whereby said rollers are rotated by rotation of the inner cylinder, an outer hollow cylinder surrounding the inner cylinder and spaced from the latter to provide an annular outer passageway, oppositely extending blades fixed respectively to the inner and outer cylinders and projecting into the outer passageway, means for introducing materials to be treated into the inlet end of the outer passageway, means for leading materials from the outlet end of the outer passageway to the inlet end of the inner passageway, and means for leading materials from the outlet end of the inner passageway to said hollow tube.

8. In a mill of the character described a casing provided with an internal hollow tube, a rotatable hollow shaft surrounding said tube and having an inner cylinder portion spaced from the tube to provide an inner passageway, rollers arranged in said passageway and contacting with the inner cylinder and tube whereby said rollers are rotated by rotation of the inner cylinder, an outer hollow cylinder surrounding the inner cylinder and spaced from the latter to provide an annular outer passageway, oppositely extending blades fixed respectively to the inner and outer cylinders and pro'zlecting into the outer passageway,-

means for introducing materials to be treated into the inlet end of the outer passageway, means for leading materials from the outlet end of the outer passageway to the inlet end of the inner passageway, means for leading materials from the outlet end of the inner passageway to said hollow tube, and means for rotating the outer cylinder in a direction opposite to that of the inner cylinder.

7. A mill of the character described comprising an inner member having a cylindrical surface, a hollow rotatable shaft surrounding said inner member and spaced from the latter to provide an inner annular passageway, rollers arranged in said passageway and contacting with said shaft and inner member whereby rotation of the shaft causes rolling b! the rollers on the inner member, a hollow cylinder surrounding said shaft and spaced from the latter to provide an annular outer passageway, blades supported respectively by said outer cylinder and shaft and projecting into the outer passageway, means for introducing materials to be treated into one end of the outer passageway, means for leading the materials treated from the outer passageway to the inner outer passageway, blades supported respectively a by said outer cylinder and shaft and projecting into the outer passageway, means for introducing materials to be treated into one end of the outer passageway, means for leading the mate- 5 rials treated from the outer passageway to the inner passageway, means for discharging materials from the inner passageway after they have been rolled by said rollers, and means for rotating the outer cylinder in a direction opposite to that of the shaft.

' ROBERT E. RUSSEIL. 

